George Herbert Mead Early Life Sociology Essay

George Herbert Mead Early Life Sociology EssayHigher EducationMead gradatory from Oberlin College in 1883 and matriculated at Harvard from 1887-1888 where he studying philosophy and sociology and graduated with a Masters degree.Although he belonged to a deeply religious family, Mead became a devout naturalist and non-believer after attending college.After leaving Harvard, he participated in many causes and was an ardent activist of any progressive causes.He marched in favour of the womens suffragette and took part in several civic duties in Chicago.The Chicago Philosopers purchase order1896Mead was influenced by Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution which is evident in his theories as a naturalist.At Harvard, Mead studied with Josiah Royce who was a major influence in his life, andWilliam James, whose children he tutored.In 1888, Mead left Harvard and travelled to Germany.There, he studied with psychologist Wilhelm Wundt who was his influence for the concept of the gesture, which wou ld soon be an important aspect of his work.In 1891 he married Helen Kingsbury Castle.He taught at the University of Michigan and then the University of calcium.Mead wrote intensively over a 40-year career, however he didnt publish any books.He published over 100 scholarly articles.Mead died of knocker failure on April 26, 1931.Following his death, his students put together a collection of his notes, unpublished letters and lessons, and finally published a book of his thoughts and teachings.Epistemology OntologyHe detect that mountain acquired knowledge nigh behavior based on what they observe and acquire from society.The principle of sociality is theontologicalfoundation ofMeadsconcept. The distinction between mind and proceeds and that between consciousness and the physiological organism is a distinction which is drawn between contents which whitethorn appear on either side of the line.Mead celebrated that there is more than what meets in the eye in terms of human interactio ns. This means, that there are reasons behind certain actions, which can be brought out by means of micro-investigations of human interaction.People who influenced MeadMead was influenced by his friend John Dewey who led him into educational theory. However Meads thinking diverged from that of Dewey and he developed the famous psychological theories of mind, self and society.This conceit was also greatly influenced by Wilhelm Wundt who Mead met when he went to Germany to study psychologyAt Harvard, Mead studied with an American idealist philosopher Josiah Royce who also was an influence.Mead was influenced by Adam Smith and thence identified the social act of economic exchange.In Meads writing I and the Me Mead meshs William Jamess distinction between the I and the Me and develops it further. William James was a renowned pragmatist philosopher.The prominent sociologist Charles Cooley (A philosopher) also influenced Meads thinking.People who were influenced by MeadHerbert Blum er, a sociologist who studied at the University of Chicago was influenced by Mead. He took over Meads lecturing responsibilities and went on to chair the Department of Sociology at the University of California Berkeley. He is often referred to as the heir of George Herbert Mead.During the second half of the twentieth Century, Meads theory of symbolic interactionism was separated into two distinct branches The Chicago school below Herbert Blumer and the Iowa school under Manford Kuhn. Both of whom were influenced by Mead.Norman Denzin and Sheldon Stryker also continued to develop the Symbolic Interactionism theory of Mead.Ervin Goffmans so-called dramaturgical sociology is also highly influenced by Mead.Major PublicationsMind, egotism, and Society (1934)The Philosophy of the Act (1938)The Philosophy of the Present (1932)Basic Sociological ConceptsDouble Centre of GravityTaking the role of the differentSelf DevelopmentThe SelfThe self emerges from social experience several(prenomi nal) selves are the products of social interaction and not the biological or logical preconditions of the mentioned interaction wherefore The self is not part of the body, and it does not exist at birthExplaining further in the absence of social interaction (i.e. isolated children) the body may grow but no self will develop.Social experience involves communication and exchange of symbolsDog example A dog responds to what you do, but humankind respond to what you have in mind as you do it.Social interaction involves seeing ourselves as others see us taking the role of the other (Mead).Double Centre of GravityIn Meads concept of the self, he expressed Double Centre of Gravity by dividing the self in to the I and the Me.The I and the MeThe I and the Me are derived from the self.The Self is the relationship between I and MeThe Me is the internalization of others perspective of ourselves the perspective we get of ourselves from how others treat and interact with us.The I is the par t of us that responds to these internalized attitudes.Explaining further the Me is the social self that takes into account the reactions of others, while the I is the indistinctive part of the self which has ideas and imagination and is independent to social norms.Taking the role of the otherMead suggested that socialising derived primarily from peoples ability to take the role of the other.Taking the role of the other means putting yourself in another persons place to think/reflect about yourself.Taking the role of the other helps to integrate the unmarried with organized social processesBy taking the role of the other, Mead meant putting oneself in the place of another individual in such a manner that one arouses the same response in both.Self DevelopmentAccording to Mead, developing the self is learning to take the role of the otherThe first stage is PrepChildren imitate and draw to understand symbols such as languages and gesturesThe Second Stage is Play Children role-play an d pretend to be another person. Play involves assuming roles of epoch-making others, helping kids see the world from others points of view.The Third stage is GameChildren, at 7 or 8 begin to understand others roles and responsibilities, making games possible.The fundamental difference between the game stage and its antecedent play stage lies in the childs ability to take the roles of multiple people at the same timeGeneralized OtherThe norms, values, attitudes and expectations of people in general the childs ability to take the role of generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self.The individual defines his or her own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy.Significant otherAn Individual who significantly influences someone elses life. i.e. Individuals who are most important in development of the self. (e.g. parent)MEADS CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIOLOGYMead is one of the most influential and acclaimed sociologist of the 20th CenturyPraised by Critics passim the world as a pioneer and a StalwartHas had several books published posthumously about his teachingsthe individual mind can exist besides in relation to other minds with shared meanings(Mead 1982 5)CRITICISMTHE END